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下一个已解决问题什么是谓语?
怎么区分谓语动词和非谓语动词?现在进行时、完成时这十几种时态属不属于非谓语动词呢?我看一些语法书,还经常区分不出非谓语动词里面的“分词”和“现在进行时”里的分的区别?我很混乱,希望能回答出问题的学者能用最简单的话来回答?谢谢~
最佳答案 - 由投票者2008-08-08 18:12:17选出
什么是谓语?
谓语(predicate),是句子中的必不可少的成分.谓语是由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成.
谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语.现分别举例如下(例句中的谓语用大写体打出):
一.简单谓语
由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语,就是简单谓语.不管这些谓语动词是什么时态,语态,语气,都是简单谓语.例如:
1.We PLANT trees in spring every year.
我们每年春天都种许多树.
2.The plane TOOK OFF at seven o'clock.
飞机已在7点起飞.
二.复合谓语
复合谓语由两部分构成,其有不同的情况,现分别举例如下:
1.由情态动词加一个不带to的不定式构成
These students SHALL VISIT the museum tomorrow.
这些学生明天将去参观博物馆.
2.由个别情态动词和一个动词不定式构成
<1>You OUGHT TO BEGIN with Fnglish 900.
你应从<<英语900句>>开始学.
<2>They SEEMED TO RESPECT the old professor very much.
看起来他们非常尊敬这位老教授.
3.许多带复合宾语的句子在变成被动结构后,也包含了一个复合谓语
Jack WAS SEEN TO SWIM across the river.
有人看到杰克游过河了.
4.由连系动词加表语构成
Taiwan IS AN ISLAND. 台湾是一个岛屿.
The weather has turned cold. 天气已经变冷了.
5.由情态动词和连系动词构成
He MUST BE wrong. 他一定是搞错了.
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
如:We study for the people. 我们为人民学习。
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
如:I can speak a little English. 我可以说一点英语。
其他回答(7)
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分不清最好!因为英语和语文没区别!你语文好吗?你语文病句学好了,英语语法就迎刃而解了
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在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the work was well done.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(二)非谓语动词的句法功能:
二、非谓语动词用法:
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)
否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,
例如:
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用-
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步) -
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件) -
the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语: -
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)
newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳) -
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语:
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sigh -
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分:
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。
(四)过去分词:
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能:
1.过去分词作定语: -
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式 -
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语:
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。 -
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语:
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语,表示伴随:
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
④作条件状语: -
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
(4)现在分词作状语:
①作时间状语: -
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
(3)作宾语补足语:
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语: -
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
(2)现在分词作表语: -
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能:
(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。 -
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 -
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
(三)现在分词:
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式:
否定式:not + 现在分词
(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
-
-
谓语
开放分类: 英语、语法、短语
谓语[predicate verb]是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。
谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。例如:
I like walking.我喜欢走路。(一般现在时主动语态)
I made your birthday cake last night.昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。 (一般过去时主动语态)
It is used by travellers and business people all over the world.全世界旅行者和商人都使用它 (一般现在时被动语态)
复合谓语也可分为两种情况:
第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的重复谓语:
What does this word mean? 这个单词是什么意思?
I won’t do it again. 我不会再做它(指这件事)。(旧译“我没有再次赢得它.”为 "I didn't win it one more time")。
I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao. 我会同Lin Tao(一起)移开那袋米的。
You’d better catch a bus. 你最好乘坐公交车。
第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如:
You look the same. 你(们)看起来一样.
We are all here. 我们都在这儿。
The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer. 天气变的暖了,日子变的长了.
Keep quiet and listen to me. 保持安静并听我说.
He looked worried. 他看起来很忧愁.
We have to be up early in the moming. 我们必须在早上早起。
Is Bill in? 比尔在吗?(*旧译“帐单在吗?”对应英文为 "Is the bill here?" "bill"为特指,前应加定冠词"the",且 "bill" 英为小写开头)。
School Is over. Let’s go home. 课上完了,我们回家吧。
My pen is in my bag. 我的钢笔在我的书包里。
I feel terrible. 我感到可怕. (小弟认为译为“我感觉很糟”更为贴切。“我感到可怕”更像"I feel scared" than "I feel terrible")。
I* fell tried all the time. 我整天感到疲惫.
He seemed rather tired last night. 他昨天看起来相当的累.
连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割;有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍,此处不多说了。
语文语法中的谓语
谓语概念在语文语法中作用是表明主语怎么样、有什么性质、处在什么状态等等,是用来陈述主语的由常常有动词、动词性短语,形容词、形容词型短语,名词、名词性短语,主谓短语充当谓语。
例如:
他们正在排练节目。
(排练,动词作谓语)
鱼儿在河里畅游。
(在河里畅游,动词性短语作谓语)
山上的树又绿了。
(绿,形容词作谓语)
这里的黎明静悄悄。
(静悄悄,形容词短语作谓语)
外头热,别中暑了。
(热,做谓语)参考资料
1.Grammar &amp; Everyday English.English
-
谓语[predicate verb]是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。
谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。例如:
I like walking.我喜欢走路。(一般现在时主动语态)
I made your birthday cake last night.昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。 (一般过去时主动语态)
It is used by travellers and business people all over the world.全世界旅行者和商人都使用它 (一般现在时被动语态)
复合谓语也可分为两种情况:
第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的重复谓语:
What does this word mean? 这个单词是什么意思?
I won’t do it again. 我不会再做它(指这件事)。(旧译“我没有再次赢得它.”为 "I didn't win it one more time")。
I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao. 我会同Lin Tao(一起)移开那袋米的。
You’d better catch a bus. 你最好乘坐公交车。
第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如:
You look the same. 你(们)看起来一样.
We are all here. 我们都在这儿。
The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer. 天气变的暖了,日子变的长了.
Keep quiet and listen to me. 保持安静并听我说.
He looked worried. 他看起来很忧愁.
We have to be up early in the moming. 我们必须在早上早起。
Is Bill in? 比尔在吗?(*旧译“帐单在吗?”对应英文为 "Is the bill here?" "bill"为特指,前应加定冠词"the",且 "bill" 英为小写开头)。
School Is over. Let’s go home. 课上完了,我们回家吧。
My pen is in my bag. 我的钢笔在我的书包里。
I feel terrible. 我感到可怕. (小弟认为译为“我感觉很糟”更为贴切。“我感到可怕”更像"I feel scared" than "I feel terrible")。
I* fell tried all the time. 我整天感到疲惫.
He seemed rather tired last night. 他昨天看起来相当的累.
连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割;有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍,此处不多说了。 -
谓语动词
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谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:
1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。(to have a talk....不定式 作状语)
2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非谓语动词的特征:
1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.
学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)
To help him is my duty.
帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)
3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起让你久等了。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看,这座城市美丽多了。(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用)
非谓语动词的形式变化:
1.不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一般 to write to be written
进行 to be writing
完成 to have written to have been written
完成进行 to have been writing
2.现 在 分 词 主 动 被 动
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
过去分词一般 written
3.动 名 词 主 动 被 动
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
爬山是一项好运动。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)
你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
1.谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:
1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk参考资料
百度
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谓语[predicate verb]是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。
谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。例如:
I like walking.我喜欢走路。(一般现在时主动语态)
I made your birthday cake last night.昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。 (一般过去时主动语态)
It is used by travellers and business people all over the world.全世界旅行者和商人都使用它 (一般现在时被动语态)
复合谓语也可分为两种情况:
第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的重复谓语:
What does this word mean? 这个单词是什么意思?
I won’t do it again. 我不会再做它(指这件事)。(旧译“我没有再次赢得它.”为 "I didn't win it one more time")。
I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao. 我会同Lin Tao(一起)移开那袋米的。
You’d better catch a bus. 你最好乘坐公交车。
第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如:
You look the same. 你(们)看起来一样.
We are all here. 我们都在这儿。
The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer. 天气变的暖了,日子变的长了.
Keep quiet and listen to me. 保持安静并听我说.
He looked worried. 他看起来很忧愁.
We have to be up early in the moming. 我们必须在早上早起。
Is Bill in? 比尔在吗?(*旧译“帐单在吗?”对应英文为 "Is the bill here?" "bill"为特指,前应加定冠词"the",且 "bill" 英为小写开头)。
School Is over. Let’s go home. 课上完了,我们回家吧。
My pen is in my bag. 我的钢笔在我的书包里。
I feel terrible. 我感到可怕. (小弟认为译为“我感觉很糟”更为贴切。“我感到可怕”更像"I feel scared" than "I feel terrible")。
I* fell tried all the time. 我整天感到疲惫.
He seemed rather tired last night. 他昨天看起来相当的累.
连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割;有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍,此处不多说了。
语文语法中的谓语
谓语概念在语文语法中作用是表明主语怎么样、有什么性质、处在什么状态等等,是用来陈述主语的由常常有动词、动词性短语,形容词、形容词型短语,名词、名词性短语,主谓短语充当谓语。
例如:
他们正在排练节目。
(排练,动词作谓语)
鱼儿在河里畅游。
(在河里畅游,动词性短语作谓语)
山上的树又绿了。
(绿,形容词作谓语)
这里的黎明静悄悄。
(静悄悄,形容词短语作谓语)
外头热,别中暑了。
(热,做谓语)参考资料
http://www.greatmy.cn/2008-7/25/110640436200.html

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